History of mathematics

Arithmetic contemporary with but independent of these traditions was developed by the Maya civilization of Mexico and Central America, where the concept of zero was given a standard symbol in Maya numerals.

From the 12th century onwards, many Greek and Arabic texts on mathematics were translated into Latin, leading to the further development of mathematics in medieval Europe. 

From antiquity to the Middle Ages, periods of mathematical discovery were often followed by centuries of stagnation. Beginning in Renaissance Italy in the 15th century, new mathematical developments,

 interacting with new scientific discoveries, 

were made at an increasing pace that continues to this day. It includes seminal work by both Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in the development of infinitesimal calculus during the 17th century.